Beef

牛肉

A festive staple in steaks, sukiyaki, yakiniku, and roast beef. Domestic beef (wagyu, dairy breeds) differs sharply from imports in price and eating quality, with wagyu enjoying global recognition. Top producers are Hokkaido, Kagoshima, Miyazaki, Kumamoto, and Nagasaki, with Hokkaido alone accounting for roughly 21% of the national herd.

Taste & Texture

Combines rich fat and deep umami of lean meat. Wagyu (Japanese Black) is known for marbling and sweet fat; F1 and dairy crosses are leaner. Imported beef from the US and Australia tends to be lean with firmer texture.

Beef Cuts

Beef Varieties

Kobe Beef

A premium Wagyu brand awarded only to Tajima cattle (Japanese Black) raised in Hyogo Prefecture that meet the strict standards of the Kobe Beef Marketing & Distribution Promotion Council. Registered as Geographical Indication (GI) No. 3 by MAFF in 2015, it is the most globally recognized Wagyu brand.

Matsusaka Beef

A premium Japanese Black (Kuroge Wagyu) brand raised in the former 22 municipalities centered on Matsusaka City, Mie Prefecture. Ranked among Japan's "Three Great Wagyu" alongside Kobe Beef and Omi Beef, with the virgin-heifer-only "Tokusan Matsusaka Beef" grade trading at several million yen per head.

Omi Beef

A premium Wagyu brand certified by the Omi Beef Production and Distribution Promotion Council, covering Japanese Black cattle raised longest within Shiga Prefecture. Registered as GI No. 56 under MAFF's Geographical Indication system in 2017, Omi Beef is one of Japan's Three Great Wagyu brands and carries the longest traceable history of any Wagyu brand — nearly 400 years.

Yonezawa Beef

Yonezawa Beef is a Geographical Indication (GI)-registered premium wagyu brand. Only nulliparous (virgin) Japanese Black heifers raised in the Okitama region of Yamagata Prefecture — three cities and five towns — and fattened for at least 33 months to a meat quality grade of 3 or higher under the Yonezawa Beef Brand Promotion Council's certification can carry the name. It is widely cited (particularly in eastern Japan) as one of Japan's 'Three Great Wagyu' (三大和牛), alongside Kobe and Matsusaka.

How to Choose

  • For wagyu and domestic beef, look for vivid red color with fine marbling and white to light-cream fat.

  • Imported beef should show deep red color with balanced fat.

  • Choose cuts with a glossy surface and minimal drip..

How to Store

  • Use block cuts within 2-3 days of purchase, sliced cuts within 1-2 days.

  • For longer storage, wrap and freeze in airtight bags; use within 3 weeks to 1 month..

Shelf life 2-4 days refrigerated, ~1 month frozen

Production Ranking

Hokkaido21.0%
Kagoshima13.9%
Miyazaki9.6%
Kumamoto5.1%
Nagasaki3.5%
Others46.9%
10%+
5%+
2%+
0.1%+
None

Map data: National Land Numerical Information (MLIT Japan)

#
Prefecture
Headcount (heads)
Share
1
544,700
21.0%
2
360,400
13.9%
3
248,400
9.6%
4
133,200
5.1%
5
91,100
3.5%

Source: MAFF Crop Statistics (2023)

Consumption Ranking

National Average (annual spending per household)

¥21,321 /year
#
City
Annual Spending
1
Nara Nara
¥34,474
2
Kobe Hyogo
¥32,683
3
Kyoto Kyoto
¥32,380
4
Wakayama Wakayama
¥31,131
5
Osaka Osaka
¥29,682

Source: Statistics Bureau Family Income and Expenditure Survey (2024, two-or-more-person households, prefectural capital cities)